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It is definitely tough. I would say they are mostly the same thing, but called something different based on how other people feel about them. At least in my experience. I’m no professional though.
Here’s what I think.
A passion is something that is stable throughout my life, so I would say I have a passion for marginalized people, helping, and listening to authentic and vulnerable music.
A special interest is something that I am almost obsessed with to the point that I learn about it with disregard to my regular bodily needs (e.g. urinating, eating, or sleeping).
When they match up, it’s great because I will create something fantastic. However, I can neglect important areas of my life, so I need to be considerate of them too.
A special interest becomes part of my identity, and I am eager to interact with it a majority of the time. A passion does not necessarily meet those criteria.